International Lunar Research Station 2025: China-Russia Moon Base Plan, Nuclear Power & Global Collaboration.

As of April 25, 2025, the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) a collaborative initiative led by China and Russia has made significant strides toward establishing a permanent lunar base at the Moon's south pole. This ambitious project aims to support long-term scientific exploration and potential human habitation on the Moon. Reuters

 

 ILRS Overview and Timeline

The ILRS is planned to be developed in two main phases:​

• Phase 1 (by 2030): Establishment of a robotic infrastructure, including landers, rovers, and orbiters, to conduct preliminary research and prepare for human missions.​

• Phase 2 (by 2035): Completion of a "basic model" lunar base capable of supporting short-term human habitation and scientific experiments.

The station will comprise sections on the lunar surface, in lunar orbit, and on Earth, facilitating comprehensive research and operations. ​State Council of China

Nuclear Power Integration

To ensure a reliable energy supply, especially during the Moon's two-week-long nights, China and Russia plan to construct a nuclear power plant on the lunar surface. This facility will supplement solar energy sources, enabling sustained activity and research operations.

 International Collaboration

The ILRS has attracted participation from 17 countries and international organizations, including Azerbaijan, Belarus, Pakistan, South Africa, and Venezuela. Over 50 international research institutions have also joined the initiative.

China has launched the "555 Project," aiming to involve 50 countries, 500 research institutions, and 5,000 researchers in ILRS-related scientific collaboration.

 Upcoming Missions and Developments

• Chang’e-8 Mission (2028): This mission will test technologies essential for the ILRS, including in-situ resource utilization and 3D printing using lunar soil.​Global Times

• Human Lunar Landing (by 2030): China aims to land astronauts on the Moon, marking a significant milestone in its space exploration endeavors.

• Construction of Lunar Infrastructure: Plans include building pipelines and cables for electricity and heating, as well as a radio telescope array on the Moon’s far side to enhance cosmic research.

 Geopolitical Context

The ILRS initiative runs parallel to NASA's Artemis program, which aims to return U.S. astronauts to the Moon by December 2025. China has accused the United States of interfering with its international space collaborations, particularly efforts with European and other partners.

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